Investigations: Psychology and Law

  • Description: Level 2
  • Created: 31/08/2011 13:03:10
  • Last updated: 04/10/2011 09:30:34
Group by: Section | Type 204 items

  1. Extensive and important development have taken place, in recent decades, in psycho - legal studies relevant to the investigation and prosecution of crimes. This unit focuses on psychological contributions to the investigation and prosecution of crimes. Particular topics include: identification evidence, memory and forensic interviewing, decision - making and common cause of error, offender profiling, fact - finding, decision making, especially by juries and collating, assessing and regulating the admission of evidence both from lay and expert witnesses as to facts and opinions (i.e. experts). It is concerned with understanding and critically assessing (a) the investigatory and trial processes and (b) the relationship between psychology and law.

  2. The aims of the unit are:

    1. To develop an understanding of the role of psychology in the investigative process.
    2. To provide a critical awareness of the strategic application of psychology to the investigation process.
    3. To examine decision making processes in the criminal justice system.
    4. To provide an understanding of application of psychology in the courtroom.
    5. To consider the potential for, and examine the permissible use of, psychological evidence in legal proceedings.

     

  3. At treshold level, on successful completion of this unit students will be expected to be able :

    1. To outline the potential contributions of psychological research in the investigation of crime and presentation of evidence.
    2. To assess the application of innovative psychological techniques to the investigative process
    3. To appraise the role of psychology in investigation procedures
    4. To articluate the rules and practice governing the admissibility and assessment of evidence in criminal proceedings and discuss the case for alternatives.
  4. Lecture 1: Introduction (7 items)

    1. Session aim:

      1. To outline the intellectual territory of 'Investigations: Psychology and Law'
      2. To highlight the 'essential tension' between psychology and law
      3. To deal with any queries about expectations of and the nature of the unit
      4. To discuss the nature and requirements of the unit assessment
    2. Required reading (1 item)

      1. 'Improving Essays' This paper was especially written for use in this University, although it focuses on the content (i.e. the quantity and quality of the ideas) rather than the form (e.g. references and paragraph structure). Studying this document - do undertake the exercises - cold gain you many more marks and make your studying much more productive.

    3. Recommended reading (5 items)
      1. Access the eBookPsychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, ebrary, Inc, 2010 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T13:28:29+01:00
      2. Psychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-08-31T13:28:34+01:00
      3. Forensic psychology - Davies, Graham, Hollin, Clive R., Bull, Ray, Blackwell-Young, Julie, 2008
        Book
        2011-08-31T13:28:38+01:00
      4. Access the eBookHandbook of psychology in legal contexts - Carson, David, Bull, Ray, MyiLibrary, 2003 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T13:28:42+01:00
      5. Handbook of psychology in legal contexts - Carson, David, Bull, Ray, 2003
        Book
        2011-08-31T13:28:45+01:00
  5. Lecture 2: Investigations and Evidence in Criminal Proceedings (25 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To explain the principle requirements of the law, in England and Wales, concerning the admissibility of evidence in criminal trials and how this affects police investigations.
      2. To consider police good practice procedures for investigating crimes.
      3. To consider the problems of 'case construction', 'remature decision - making' and 'tunnel vision', and to consider how they might be minimised.
      4. To introduce developments in New Evidence Scholarship, including Wigmorean charting methods and 'anchored narratives'

    2. Required activity:

      1. Go to the website of i12 and run the demonstration of 'The Analyst's Notebook'
      2. Go to the websites of Association of Chief Police Officers and National Policing Improvements Agency. Discover the resources available at these sites. (As the NPIA is being abolised this site may be moved - likely to Home Office.)
    3. Recommended activity (1 item)

      1. Investigate what the 'Professionalising Investigations Programme' (PIP) involves. This is particularly important if you are thinking of careers involving investigation and/or wish to draw links with the Miscarriages of Justice option.

    4. Required reading (4 items)
      1. Access the eBookCriminal investigation: an introduction to principles and practice - Stelfox, Peter, ebrary, Inc, 2009 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T13:57:49+01:00
      2. Criminal investigation: an introduction to principles and practice - Stelfox, Peter, 2009
        Book | Read chapter 1: Crime and Investigative Practice and chapter 2: The Development of Investigative Practice
        2011-08-31T13:57:53+01:00
      3. Access the eBookCriminal investigation and crime control - M. Maguire
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T13:57:57+01:00
      4. Criminal investigation and crime control - M. Maguire
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-08-31T13:58:00+01:00
    5. Recommended reading (18 items)
      1. Access the eBookBeyond 'offender profiling': the need for an investigative psychology - D. Canter, D. Youngs
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T14:15:11+01:00
      2. Beyond 'offender profiling': the need for an investigative psychology - D. Canter, D. Youngs
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-08-31T14:15:07+01:00
      3. Practice advice on core investigative policy - ACPO, 2005
        Book | Not in stock
        2011-08-31T14:15:15+01:00
      4. Investigating murder: detective work and the police response to criminal homicide - Innes, Martin, 2003
        Book
        2011-08-31T14:15:19+01:00
      5. Access the eBookA psychology of law and fact - finding? - D. Carson
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T14:15:24+01:00
      6. A psychology of law and fact - finding - D. Carson
        Chapter | Print copy in first floor journals
        2011-08-31T14:15:28+01:00
      7. The abduction of Sherlock Holmes - D. Carson, 2009
        Article
        2011-08-31T14:15:32+01:00
      8. More Investigation (11 items)
        if thinking about doing a dissertation in this area
        1. Access the eBookAssessing evidence: prodvinding facts - M.J. Saks, W.C. Thompson
          Chapter | Electronic resource
          2011-08-31T15:06:49+01:00
        2. Assessing evidence: prodvinding facts - M.J. Saks, W.C. Thompson
          Chapter | Earlier edition available
          2011-08-31T15:06:53+01:00
        3. Evidence in criminal cases - J. Smith
          Chapter
          2011-08-31T15:07:23+01:00
        4. Access the eBookModels of investigation - D. Carson, 2007
          Chapter | Electronic resource
          2011-08-31T15:07:40+01:00
        5. Models of investigation - D. Carson, 2007
          Chapter
          2011-08-31T15:07:44+01:00
        6. Police investigative powers - S. Choong
          Book
          2011-08-31T15:07:55+01:00
        7. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions - Kebbell, Mark R., Davies, Graham, 2006
          Book | Read chapters 9, 12
          2011-08-31T15:08:06+01:00
        8. The verdict of the court: passing judgment in law and psychology - McEwan, Jenny, 2003
          Book | Read chapter 4
          2011-08-31T15:08:13+01:00
        9. Analysis of evidence - Anderson, Terence, Schum, David A., Twining, William, 2005
          Book
          2011-08-31T15:08:29+01:00
        10. Evidence and the adversarial process: the modern law - McEwan, Jenny, 1998
          Book | Read chapter 1, 3
          2011-08-31T15:08:35+01:00
        11. Criminal evidence - Roberts, Paul, Zuckerman, A. A. S., 2010
          Book | Earlier edition available
          2011-08-31T15:08:39+01:00
  6. Lecture 3: Eyewitness Testimony (36 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To examine the nature of memory and why people forget.
      2. To discuss the factors which affects the quality of human memory.
      3. To examine how the nature of memory affects the remembering of a crime.
      4. To examine the psychology of being an eyewitness.
    2. Required reading (7 items)
      1. Access the eBookPsychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, ebrary, Inc, 2010 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T15:27:10+01:00
      2. Psychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-08-31T15:27:14+01:00
      3. Guidelines on memory and law - M. Conway, 2008
        Book | Not in stock
        2011-08-31T15:27:17+01:00
      4. Witness evidence - J. Blackwell - Young, 2008
        Chapter
        2011-08-31T15:27:22+01:00
      5. General review of the psychology of witness testimony - E.F. Loftus, D. Wolchover, D. Page
        Chapter
        2011-08-31T15:27:26+01:00
      6. Face value?: evaluating the accuracy of eyewitness information - Kebbell, Mark R., Wagstaff, Graham F., Great Britain, 1999 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-08-31T15:27:29+01:00
      7. Face value?: evaluating the accuracy of eyewitness information - Kebbell, Mark R., Wagstaff, Graham F., Great Britain, 1999
        Book
        2011-08-31T15:27:34+01:00
    3. Recommended reading (4 items)
      1. Access the eBookEyewitnesses - A.D. Yarmey
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-01T15:36:03+01:00
      2. Eyewitnesses - A.D. Yarmey
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-01T15:36:08+01:00
      3. Tapes & Transcripts | What Jennifer Saw | FRONTLINE | PBS
        Article
        2011-09-01T15:36:12+01:00
      4. The diva of disclosure, Elizabeth Loftus, 1966
        Article
        2011-09-01T15:36:16+01:00
    4. Additional reading (24 items)
      1. Psychology and policing in a changing world - Ainsworth, Peter B., 1995
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:36:55+01:00
      2. Eyewitness testimony: civil and criminal - Loftus, Elizabeth F., Doyle, James M., c1997
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-10-04T09:29:56+01:00
      3. Memory work: a royal road to false memories? - S.J. Ceci, E.F. Loftus, 1994
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:37:17+01:00
      4. Hands up! A study of witnesses' emotional reactions and memories associated with bank robberies - S. Christianson, B. Hubinette, 1993
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:37:25+01:00
      5. Police personnel as eyewitnesses to a violent crime - S. Christianson, I. Karlsson, I. Persson, 1998
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:37:36+01:00
      6. Memory in the real world - Cohen, Gillian, c1989
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:37:47+01:00
      7. Recovered memories and false memories - Conway, Martin A., 1997
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:38:00+01:00
      8. Mistaken identification: the eyewitness, psychology, and the law - Cutler, Brian L., Penrod, Steven, 1995
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:38:07+01:00
      9. Scripts for typical crimes and their effects on memory for eyewitness testimony - V. Fisher Holst, K. Pezdek, 1992
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:38:18+01:00
      10. Analysing witness testimony: a guide for legal practitioners and other professionals - Heaton-Armstrong, Anthony, Shepherd, Eric, Wolchover, David, 1999
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:38:28+01:00
      11. Witness testimony: psychological, investigative, and evidential perspectives - A. Heaton - Armstrong, E. Shepherd, G. Gudjonsson, D. Wolchover, 2006
        Book | Not in stock
        2011-09-01T16:38:44+01:00
      12. Police officers perceptions of eyewitness performance in forensic investigations - M. Kebbell, R. Milne, 1998
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:38:51+01:00
      13. Access the eBookInterviewing adults - G. Koehnken
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-01T16:39:00+01:00
      14. The recovered memories controversy - D.S. Lindsay, J.D. Read
        Chapter
        2011-09-01T16:39:08+01:00
      15. Eyewitness identification: simulating the weapon effect - A. Maass, G. Koehnken, 1989
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:39:37+01:00
      16. Psychology and law: truthfulness, accuracy and credibility - Memon, Amina, Vrij, Aldert, Bull, Ray, 2003
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-01T16:39:46+01:00
      17. Access the eBookInterviewing by the police - R. Milne, R. Bull
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-01T16:40:02+01:00
      18. Investigative interviewing: psychology and practice - Milne, Rebecca, Bull, Ray, 1999
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:40:23+01:00
      19. Interviewing victims, including children and people with intellectual disabilities - R. Milne, R. Bull
        Chapter
        2011-09-01T16:40:36+01:00
      20. Obtaining witness statements: best practice and proposals for innovation - R. Milne, G. Shaw, 1999
        Article | Not in stock
        2011-09-01T16:40:47+01:00
      21. Memory: a guide for professionals - Parkin, Alan J., c1999
        Book
        2011-09-01T16:41:49+01:00
      22. Eyewitness identification: simulating the weapon effect - A. Maass, G. Koehnken, 1989
        Article
        2011-09-01T16:42:05+01:00
      23. We must study forensic eyewitnesses to know about them - J. Yuille, 1993
        Article | Printed copy in first floor journals
        2011-09-01T16:42:20+01:00
      24. A case study of eyewitness memory for a crime - J. Yuille, J. Cutshall, 1986
        Article | Not in stock
        2011-09-01T16:42:41+01:00
  7. Lecture 4: Issues in identification (17 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To describe current law and practice relating to the identification of suspected offenders.
      2. To describe psychological research that identifies factors affecting the quality of identification research.
      3. In particular to examine how estimator variables, within the memory processes, affect recognition accuracy, and to examine how system variables, within the criminal justice system, affect recognition accuracy.
      4. To examine the key case law commenting on identification evidence.
      5. To consider whether the current procedures and law are robust enough to prevent miscarriages of justice occuring due to misidentification.
    2. Required activity (1 item)

      1. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 - often known as and shortened to PACE - is an exceptionally important statute in our legal system. It controls police practice in several important areas. You should examine the Home Office website devoted to this Act and notice all the associated sources. You will need to come back to this source several times during this Unit.

    3. Recommended activity (1 item)

      1. You might be interested in investigating a USA website devoted to drawing out the issues in a particular identification problems they had there; What Jennifer Saw.

        The University of Texas at El Paso has an interesting website with several links. Also the 'True Witness' site.

    4. Required reading (4 items)
      1. Access the eBookPsychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, ebrary, Inc, 2010 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource | Read chapter 9
        2011-09-01T17:05:34+01:00
      2. Psychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available | Read chapter 9
        2011-09-01T17:05:37+01:00
      3. Code D under PACE 1984
        Generic Document
        2011-09-01T17:05:41+01:00
      4. Eyewitness identification procedures: recommendations for Lineups and Photospreads - G.L. Wells, M. Small, S. Penrod, R.S. Malpass, S.M. Fulero, C.A.E. Brimacombe
        Generic Document
        2011-09-01T17:05:45+01:00
    5. Recommended reading (3 items)
      1. Forensic facial identification - T. Valentine, 2006
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T15:58:04+01:00
      2. Identifying perpetrators - T. Valentine
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T15:58:09+01:00
      3. Improving visual identification procedures under PACE code D
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T15:58:13+01:00
    6. Additional reading (7 items)
      1. Access the eBookEyewitness identification - R.P. Fisher, M.C. Reardon
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-05T16:09:20+01:00
      2. Eyewitness identification - R.P. Fisher, M.C. Reardon
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T16:09:10+01:00
      3. Improving visual identification procedures under PACE Code D - D. Wolchover, A. Heaton-Armstrong
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T16:09:14+01:00
      4. Assessing contentious eyewitness evidence: a judical view - T. Bingham
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T16:09:25+01:00
      5. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions - Kebbell, Mark R., Davies, Graham, 2006
        Book | Read chapter 2
        2011-09-05T16:09:29+01:00
      6. Adult eyewitness testimony: current trends and developments - Ross, David F., Read, J. Don, Toglia, Michael P., 1994
        Book
        2011-09-05T16:09:33+01:00
      7. Psychological issues in eyewitness identification - Sporer, Siegfried Ludwig, Malpass, Roy S., Koehnken, Guenter, 1995
        Book
        2011-09-05T16:09:37+01:00
  8. Lecture 5: Decision Making (11 items)

    1. Session aims:

      This lecture will outline the nature of decision-making and consider the question: 'How do people decide?'

      1. Define decision making
      2. Outline the formation of decision making
      3. Assess the validity and biases of decision making
      4. Consider factor influencing decision making
      5. Examine the theories explaining decision making

    2. Required activity

      1. Study crime mapping material, such as that for the West Midlands or Hampshire. Consider whether you would be influenced by having this information available on your home area. Consider the extent to which these maps simply show the distribution of crime or they also indicate how offenders made decisions about committing crimes.
      2. Study the list of cognitive biases in Wikipedia. This site provides a very full and useful list of cognitive errors. Use it to get an idea of the range of, and reasons for errors. But do not cite it. Rather investigate more appropriate academic sources. Which of these types of cognitive error are the most likely to occur.
    3. Required reading (1 item)
      1. Access the eBookDecision making in criminal justice - E. Greene, L. Ellis
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-05T16:19:22+01:00
    4. Recommended reading (5 items)
      1. Access the eBookA behaviourial science perspective on identifying and managing hindsight bias and unstructured judgement - K. Heilbrun, T. Erickson
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-05T16:25:52+01:00
      2. A behaviourial science perspective on identifying and managing hindsight bias and unstructured judgement - K. Heilbrun, R. Erickson
        Chapter
        2011-09-05T16:25:56+01:00
      3. The psychology of judicial sentencing - Fitzmaurice, Catherine, Pease, Ken, 1986
        Book | Read chapter 2
        2011-09-05T16:26:00+01:00
      4. The psychology of judgment and decision making - Plous, Scott, 1993
        Book
        2011-09-05T16:26:04+01:00
      5. Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory
        Webpage
        2011-09-05T16:26:08+01:00
    5. Additional reading (3 items)
      1. Decision making: descriptive, normative and prescriptive interactions - Bell, David E., Raiffa, Howard, Tversky, Amos, 1988
        Book
        2011-09-05T16:32:13+01:00
      2. Cognitive psychology: a student's handbook - Eysenck, Michael W., Keane, Mark T., 2005
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-05T16:32:17+01:00
      3. Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases - D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, A. Tversky, 1982
        Book | Not in stock
        2011-09-05T16:32:21+01:00
  9. Lecture 6: Offender Profiling (15 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To define 'offender profiling'
      2. To examine different approaches explaining offender profiling
      3. To assess the value and practicality of offender profiling

    2. Required activity:

      Professor David Canter is a leader in the field of offender profiling. But his 'scientific' approach differs markedly from that of the FBI around which such films as 'Silence of the Lambs' have been based. Investigate professor Canter's Centre for Investigative Psychology. The FBI approach is criticised.

    3. Required reading (5 items)
      1. Dangerous minds - M. Gladwell
        Article
        2011-09-08T13:47:34+01:00
      2. It may be true, but how's it helping? - A. Gekowski, J. Gray, 2011
        Article | Printed copy in first floor journals
        2011-09-08T13:47:39+01:00
      3. Access the eBookProfiling suspects - L. Alison, C. McLean, L. Almond
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T13:47:43+01:00
      4. Profiling suspects - L. Alison, C. McLean, L. Almond
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T13:47:47+01:00
      5. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions - Kebbell, Mark R., Davies, Graham, 2006
        Book | Read chapters 4 and 8
        2011-09-08T13:47:52+01:00
    4. Recommended reading (8 items)
      1. Access the eBookProfiling places: geodemographics and GIS - D. Ashby, M. Craglia
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T14:43:10+01:00
      2. Profiling places: geodemographics and GIS - D. Ashby, M. Craglia
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T14:43:14+01:00
      3. Access the eBookOffender profiling and crime analysis - Ainsworth, Peter B., MyiLibrary, 2001 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T14:43:19+01:00
      4. Offender profiling and crime analysis - Ainsworth, Peter B., 2001
        Book
        2011-09-08T14:43:23+01:00
      5. Investigative psychology: offender profiling and the analysis of criminal action - Canter, David V., Youngs, Donna, 2009
        Book
        2011-09-08T14:43:28+01:00
      6. Profiling in theory and practice - D. Canter, L. Alison, 1999
        Book | Not in stock
        2011-09-08T14:43:32+01:00
      7. Access the eBookCriminal profiling: an introduction to behavioral evidence analysis - Turvey, Brent E., ebrary, Inc, 2008 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T14:43:37+01:00
      8. Criminal profiling: an introduction to behavioral evidence analysis - Turvey, Brent E., 2008
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-08T14:43:40+01:00
  10. Lecture 7: Interviewing and confessions (41 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To outline the history of police interviewing of those suspected of crime
      2. To examine how miscarriages of justice can arise through improper interviewing
      3. To consider ehtical approaches to police interviewing

    2. Required activity:

      Study the NPIA (2009) Investigative Interviewing Strategy. This is an exceptionally important document for policing and trials. Whilst only the frist 8 pages are relevant to us the wider context is interesting, especially of policing is a research or career interest. In particular consider the seven principles on page 6 and consider:

      If this is what the police are supposed to do how accurate are media portayals of what our police actually do?

      Do these principles apply when interviewing suspected terrorists?

      Doesn't this simply prove thebelief of many in the US that the British are soft on fighting terrorism?

    3. Required reading (5 items)
      1. Access the eBookPsychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, ebrary, Inc, 2010 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource | Read chapter 3, 10
        2011-09-08T15:00:20+01:00
      2. Psychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available | Read chapter 3, 10
        2011-09-08T15:00:24+01:00
      3. The psychological vulnerabilities of witnesses and the risk of false accusation and false confessions - G. Gudjonnson
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T15:00:29+01:00
      4. Interviewing vulnerable witnesses - R.E. Holliday, C.J. Brainerd, V.F. Reyna
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T15:00:34+01:00
      5. Have you told management about this? - E. Sheperd, R. Milne
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T15:00:39+01:00
    4. Recommended reading (5 items)
      1. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions - Kebbell, Mark R., Davies, Graham, 2006
        Book | Read chapter 3, 5, 6
        2011-09-08T15:12:22+01:00
      2. Investigative interviewing with children: progress and pitfalls - G. Davies, H. Westcott
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T15:12:26+01:00
      3. Access the eBookInvestigative interviewing: the role of research - R. Milne, G. Shaw, R. Bull
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T15:12:30+01:00
      4. Investigative interviewing: the role of research - R. Milne, G. Shaw, R. Bull
        Chapter
        2011-09-08T15:12:34+01:00
      5. Access the eBookInterviewing by the police - R. Milne, R. Bull
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T15:12:38+01:00
    5. Additional reading (17 items)
      1. Police interview techniques - J. Baldwin, 1993
        Article
        2011-09-08T15:46:37+01:00
      2. Attempts to improve police interviewing of suspects - R. Bull, R. Milne
        Chapter | Not in stock
        2011-09-08T15:46:47+01:00
      3. Investigative interviewing - J. Cherryman, R. Bull, 1996
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-08T15:47:16+01:00
      4. Memory-enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing: the cognitive interview - Fisher, Ronald P., Geiselman, R. Edward, 1992
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:47:29+01:00
      5. Access the eBookThe psychology of interrogations and confessions: a handbook - Gudjonsson, Gisli H., MyiLibrary, 2003 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T15:47:46+01:00
      6. The psychology of interrogations and confessions: a handbook - Gudjonsson, Gisli, 2003
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:47:50+01:00
      7. The psychology of confession evidence - S.M. Kassin, 1997
        Article | Printed copy in first floor journals
        2011-09-08T15:47:59+01:00
      8. Access the eBookInterviewing adults - G. Kohnken
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T15:48:12+01:00
      9. Interviewing adults - G. Koehnke
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-08T15:48:15+01:00
      10. Interrogations, confessions, and entrapment - Lassiter, G. Daniel, 2004
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:48:24+01:00
      11. Investigative interviewing: psychology and practice - Milne, Rebecca, Bull, Ray, 1999
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:48:34+01:00
      12. Investigative interviewing courses for police officers: an evaluation - McGurk, Barry J., Carr, Michael J., McGurk, Debra, Great Britain, 1993
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:48:45+01:00
      13. Suspicion and silence: the right to silence in criminal investigations - Stephenson, Geoffrey M., Morgan, David, 1994
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:48:53+01:00
      14. Frames of mind: Schemata guiding cognition and conduct in the interviewing - A. Memon, R. Bull
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-08T15:49:01+01:00
      15. Police interviewing techniques at two south London police stations - J. Pearse, 1996
        Article | Not in stock
        2011-09-08T15:49:09+01:00
      16. Access the eBookInvestigative interviewing: rights, research, and regulation - Williamson, Tom, ebrary, Inc, International Conference on Police Interviewing, 2006 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-08T15:49:22+01:00
      17. Investigative interviewing: rights, research and regulation - Williamson, Tom, 2006
        Book
        2011-09-08T15:49:30+01:00
    6. Lecture 8: Detecting deception, inferences and 'science' in the courts (2 items)

      1. Session aims:

        1. To examine psychological research into the detection of deception.
        2. Using some of the research on the detection of decption, to identify the different forms of inferential reasoning used in investigations and trials.
        3. Using some of the research on the detection of deception, to identify problems that the courts have in distinguishing what is 'scientific' evidence and assessing its authority.

      2. Required activity:

        1. Have people ever lied to you? If so, how do you know? Did you know at the time? List the 'tell-tale' signs of lying or deception.
        2. Prepare, for class, two stories. One should be true and the other false. You are going to be asked - in groups - in class, to tell your story to see if other people can identify whether it is true or false.
    7. Required reading (6 items)
      1. Psychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, 2003
        Book | Read chapter 8
        2011-09-09T13:44:19+01:00
      2. Detecting deception in legal contexts - A. Vrij
        Chapter
        2011-09-09T13:44:23+01:00
      3. Access the eBookCredibility assessments in legal context - A. Vrij
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-09T13:44:28+01:00
      4. Credibility assessments in legal context
        Chapter
        2011-09-09T13:44:31+01:00
      5. Detecting deception - P.A. Granhag, M. Hartwig
        Chapter
        2011-09-09T13:44:36+01:00
      6. Interviewing suspects - U. Holmberg, O. Kronvist
        Chapter
        2011-09-09T13:44:41+01:00
    8. Recommended reading (1 item)
      1. Credibility assessment in legal contexts - A. Vrij
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-09T13:57:21+01:00
    9. Additional reading (3 items)
      1. Access the eBookDetecting lies and deceit: pitfalls and opportunities - Vrij, Aldert, 2008 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electroni resource
        2011-09-09T13:57:30+01:00
      2. Detecting lies and deceit: pitfalls and opportunities - Vrij, Aldert, 2008
        Book
        2011-09-09T13:57:34+01:00
      3. Access the eBookInvestigative interviewing: rights, research, regulation - M.G. Frank, J.D. Yarborough, P. Ekman
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-09T13:57:38+01:00
  11. Lecture 9: Role and admissiblity of expert evidence (13 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To learn the law regualting the admission and use of expert evidence in criminal proceedings in England and Wales.
      2. To consider whether the law inappropriately restricts the admission of expert evidence in criminal trials.
      3. To consider whether expert evidence is appropriately tested and weighed in our criminal legal system.

    2. Required activity:

      1. Go to the web site of the Crown Prosecution Service and, by searching on such terms as 'scientific evidence' or 'expert evidence,' discover the range of issues and debates surrounding this subject.
      2. The National Academy of Sciences has published a withering report on the quality of forensic sciences in the United States. See here. Consider whether its criticisms equally apply in the UK.
    3. Required reading (2 items)
      1. Role of expert witness - B. Clifford
        Chapter
        2011-09-09T14:16:15+01:00
      2. Psychology and law: a critical introduction
        Chapter | Read chapter 7
        2011-09-09T14:16:11+01:00
    4. Recommended reading (5 items)
      1. The admissibility of expert evidence - D. Ormerod, P. Roberts
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:34:30+01:00
      2. Investigative and evidential applications of forensic speech science - P. French, P. Harrison
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:34:34+01:00
      3. Access the eBookPsychology and law: a critical introduction - Kapardis, Andreas, ebrary, Inc, 2010 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T13:34:38+01:00
      4. Access the eBookThe psychologists as expert witnesses - A. Kapardis
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T13:34:42+01:00
      5. The psychologists as expert witnesses - A. Kapardis
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T13:34:46+01:00
    5. Other reading (4 items)
      1. The role of the expert witness - A. Memon, A. Vrij, R. Bull
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T13:41:14+01:00
      2. Science, experts, and criminal justice - R. Roberts
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:41:18+01:00
      3. Laymen and science
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:41:22+01:00
      4. Criminal evidence - Roberts, Paul, Zuckerman, A. A. S., 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T13:41:26+01:00
  12. Lecture 10: Psychology in the courtroom (10 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To outline ways in which psychological processes and extra-legal factors might affect the goings on and outcomes of courtroom procedures.
      2. To assess the impact of such factors on judical and jury decision making.
    2. Required reading (9 items)
      1. Access the eBookPersuasion in the courtroom
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T13:49:45+01:00
      2. Persuasion in the courtroom
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T13:49:58+01:00
      3. Access the eBookAdvocacy - D. Bartlett, A. Memon
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T13:49:49+01:00
      4. Advocacy - D. Bartlett, A. Memon
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T13:49:53+01:00
      5. Access the eBookAdvocacy: getting the answer you want - D. Carson, F. Pakes
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T13:50:02+01:00
      6. Advocacy: getting the answer you want - D. Carson, F. Pakes
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:50:06+01:00
      7. The role of the advocate - S. Solley
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:54:42+01:00
      8. Judicial processes - J.M. Wheatcrost
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:54:50+01:00
      9. Safeguarding witnesses - H.L. Westcott
        Chapter
        2011-09-12T13:54:54+01:00
  13. Lecture 11: Judging, Jurying and Deciding (18 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To ensure and understanding of the basis types of, and steps within, criminal trial procedures.
      2. To consider some of the psychological research findings on decision-making by judges and juries.
      3. To consider the potential and appropriateness of analysing trials in terms of risk assessment and management.
    2. Required reading (4 items)
      1. Access the eBookThe Jury
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T14:05:44+01:00
      2. The jury
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T14:05:48+01:00
      3. Access the eBookDecision making by juries and judges - E. Greene, L. Wrightsman
        Chapter | Electronic resource
        2011-09-12T14:05:52+01:00
      4. Decision making by juries and judges - E. Greene, L. Wrightsman
        Chapter | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-12T14:05:55+01:00
    3. Additional reading (13 items)
      1. Magistrates - P. Darbyshire
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:52:36+01:00
      2. Judging, eyewitnesses, confessions, informants and alibis: what is wrong with juries and can they do better? - S. Kassins
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:52:43+01:00
      3. Judical training - W. Young, S. Katkhuda
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:52:53+01:00
      4. The role of the judge in criminal cases - P. Otton
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:53:04+01:00
      5. Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions - Kebbell, Mark R., Davies, Graham, 2006
        Book | Read chapters 9 and 12
        2011-09-14T15:53:19+01:00
      6. Prosecution systems - A. Sanders
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:53:31+01:00
      7. Access the eBookUnderstanding risk in criminal justice - Kemshall, Hazel, MyiLibrary, 2003 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-14T15:53:54+01:00
      8. Understanding risk in criminal justice - Kemshall, Hazel, 2003
        Book
        2011-09-14T15:53:59+01:00
      9. The exchange of information and disclosure - R. Leng
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T15:54:21+01:00
      10. Evidence and the adversarial process: the modern law - McEwan, Jenny, 1998
        Book | Read chapters 1, 3
        2011-09-14T15:55:03+01:00
      11. Access the eBookWill they do it again?: risk assessment and management in criminal justice and psychiatry - Prins, Herschel A., ebrary, Inc, 1999 (electronic resource)
        Book | Electronic resource
        2011-09-14T15:55:12+01:00
      12. Will they do it again?: risk assessment and management in criminal justice and psychiatry - Prins, Herschel A., 1999
        Book
        2011-09-14T15:55:16+01:00
      13. Criminal evidence - Roberts, Paul, Zuckerman, A. A. S., 2010
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-14T15:55:25+01:00
  14. Lecture 12: Human rights and protections against abuse of process (8 items)

    1. Session aims:

      1. To discover the requirements of the Human Rights Act and their implications for the investigation and adjudication of alleged crimes.
      2. To compare the requirements and role of the Human Rights Act with other procedures and protections against the admission and use of unfair evidence.

       

    2. Required reading (2 items)
      1. Confession and Breaches of Police and Criminal Evidence Act: Legal Guidance: The Crown Prosecution Service
        Webpage
        2011-09-14T16:10:15+01:00
      2. The Human Rights Act | Liberty - protecting civil liberties, promoting human rights
        Webpage
        2011-09-14T16:10:19+01:00
    3. Recommended reading (1 item)
      1. The adversary trial and trial by judge alone - J. Jackson
        Chapter
        2011-09-14T16:12:53+01:00
    4. Additional reading (4 items)
      1. Criminal justice and the Human Rights Act 1998 - Cheney, Deborah, 2001
        Book | Earlier edition available
        2011-09-14T16:18:31+01:00
      2. Criminal evidence - Roberts, Paul, Zuckerman, A. A. S., 2010
        Book
        2011-09-14T16:18:35+01:00
      3. Evidence and the adversarial process: the modern law - McEwan, Jenny, 1998
        Book
        2011-09-14T16:18:39+01:00
      4. Blackstone's police manual - Johnston, David, Hutton, Glenn, 2005
        Book
        2011-09-14T16:18:43+01:00